1	Introducing Strategy #2
2	Taste and Remember… Imagine that you are eating popcorn. What mental images come to mind? Where are you? What senses do you associate with the memory: smell, taste, touch, see, feel? What emotions do you relive?
3	Sensory Images “When sensory images form in a child’s mind as he reads, it is an ongoing creative act. Pictures, smells, tastes, and feelings burst forth and his mind organizes them to help the story make sense. It is this ongoing creation of sensory images that keeps children hooked on reading.” (Zimmerman, Hutchins)
4	Research Shows That “The more students use both systems of representation: linguistic and nonlinguistic, the better they are able to think about and recall what they’ve read.” (Muehlherr, Sieman)
5	Creating Vivid Images During Reading. . . Correlates highly with overall comprehension. Understanding, attending to, and developing a personal awareness of the sensory and emotional images that arise from reading give students the flexibility and capacity to experience text at an added depth. (Keene, Zimmerman)
6	Proficient Readers. . . Spontaneously and purposefully create mental images during and after reading.
7	Proficient Readers.. . Use images to draw conclusions Create distinct and unique interpretation of the text Recall details significant to the text Adapt their images as they continue to read by incorporating new information and new interpretations
8	Proficient Readers. . . Understand and articulate how creating images enhances their comprehension. Adapt their images in response to the shared images of other readers.
9	What About our Dependent Readers? If kids fail to create sensory images, they suffer a type of “sensory deprivation.” “It’s like walking into a theater and sitting in a seat, but nothing comes up on the screen.” (Zimmerman, Hutchins)
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11	Technique #1
12	Fill in the Gaps So many of our students DO NOT have an adequate sensory background of experience. They have not been exposed to many varieties of smells, tastes, or touching, nor do they own accompanying words to describe them.
13	What Can We Do? Have students name words that describe the five senses. Bring in fragrances, textures, colors, tastes, sounds. Have students identify the samples. Discuss the qualities of each object. Provide the vocabulary.
14	Teaching a Sense:Touch Place these objects in different paper bags. Have students identify objects by feel only. Examples: silk, pinecone, fur, sandpaper, rubber ball, cooked noodles, screwdriver Have students draw pictures of the objects Provide words for the adjectives of touch: smooth, squishy, slimy, metallic, scratchy, bumpy
15	Organize Responses Make a sensory wheel. Divide a circle into six wedges and then complete with the following: I hear, I feel, I taste, I touch... (Emotionally, I feel) Give strips of paper with symbols of the senses. Students read with partner to find sections of text where they could visualize using one of the senses.
16	Technique #2
17	You Try It! “The barn was very large. It was very old. It smelled of hay… It smelled of the perspiration of tired horses and the wonderful sweet breath of patient cows… It smelled of grain and of harness dressing... It was full of all sorts of things you find in barns: ladders, grindstones, pitch forks... lawn mowers, snow shovels, ax handles, milk pails, water buckets, empty grain sacks, and nasty rat traps...” E.B. White
18	Model Your Thoughts, Then Ask… What words in the text helped you form that picture? How did your background knowledge add to the details of this mental picture? How have the sensory images changed as you read the story? Does creating images help you remember the story? Can you explain to the group how seeing the facts in your mind helps you decide what information is the most important to remember?
19	Details Will Start Sketchy Press students for greater elaboration. If they see a car: What color is the car? What type is it? How many doors does it have? Does the top roll down? What sound is the horn? What do the seats smell like? What coverings do the seats have?
20	Pollution, Smog, Soot Imagine the scene, characters, events. Grayish sky Cloudy overhead Noisy Air smells Elaborate The sky is so hazy, you can’t see ten feet in front of you. The sound of blaring horns and roaring motors are all around. The air is so bad, your eyes are burning and red and watery.
21	Technique #3
22	To Increase Vocabulary Knowledge Ask students to think of a way they could remember the meaning: dictatorship- “a ruler with absolute power and authority” Ask students to make a graphic representation that would connect with their lives personally and facilitate memory of the word. Ask students to “act out” the word’s meaning.
23	To “Sense” Math Word Problems Make a visual representation of the problem. Scott, a freshman at Michigan State needs to walk from his dorm room in Wilson Hall to his math class in Wells Hall. Normally, he walks 300 meters east and 400 meters north along the sidewalks, but today he is running late. He decides to take a shortcut through Baker’s Park. How many meters long is Scott’s shortcut?
24	To Increase Science Knowledge-Make Models Pictures, diagrams, computer images, other representation of complex objects or processes help students understand things they can’t observe directly. For example: Make a model of an atom, DNA, a cell’s structure, the solar system.
25	Poems are Sensory Treasure Chests The Woman’s 400 Meters (L. Morrison) Skittish, they flex knees, drum heels and shiver at the starting line waiting the gun to pour them over the stretch like a breaking wave. Bang! They’re off careening down the lanes, each chased by her own bright tiger.
26	Graphic Organizers
27	Give Students Choices Write - Supply with different pens, markers, papers. Write poetry, newspaper articles, plays Act - Supply props, costumes Draw/Sketch - Use different media Discuss - Supply tape recorder to tape the discussion. Make Music - Supply instruments, create a song or rap
28	The Struggle is Worth It… All good books are alike in that they are truer than if they had really happened and after you are finished reading one, you will feel that all of that happened to you and afterwards it all belongs to you: the good and the bad, the ecstasy, the remorse and sorrow, the people and the places and how the weather was. (Hemingway)
29	Strategy #2